| 摘要: |
| 水库大坝突发事件应急演练是熟悉和校正应急预案、提升应急响应能力的重要手段，目前应急演练多关注险情应急处置工程措施，而对应急响应与处置过程中的洪水预报、险情捕捉与报告、信息流转、应急决策、现场处置、应急撤离等离散性环节缺少演练技术，演练评估方法缺失，开展应急演练新技术研究十分必要。本文在分析水库突发事件特点基础上，对国内外应急演练技术研究与实践现状进行了系统梳理，提出了考虑应急响应与处置离散性过程的水库突发事件应急演练技术路线。研究认为，水库突发事件应急演练技术可分角色、灾害类型、响应等级、预警时间和处置形式解析应急响应与处置机制，以时间为主线、角色为主体、事件发展为驱动力建立应急演练框架体系，构建应急演练评价方法和技术标准，形成标准化的应急演练和评估模型，基于BPMN技术、可视化等技术开发信息化平台，对应急管理各主要环节模拟现实设定阻碍，输出角色和应急演练整体定量评估结果，可达到应急演练目的。 |
| 关键词: 水库大坝 突发事件 应急演练 离散性 分角色 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41671504);中央研究院所基本科研业务费项目(Y722009,Y721004,Y721006) |
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| Research and practice review of emergency drill technology for reservoir dam emergencies |
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houxiaofeng1, zhangshichen2, wangjian1
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1.Hohai University;2.Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute
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| Abstract: |
| The emergency drill of reservoir dam is an important means to familiarize and correct the emergency plan and improve the emergency response ability. At present, the emergency drill pays more attention to the engineering measures of emergency response. However, there is a lack of drill technology in the discrete links such as flood forecasting, danger capture and report, information flow, emergency decision-making, on-site disposal and emergency evacuation in the process of emergency response and disposal, and the lack of drill evaluation methods. It is necessary to carry out research on new technologies of emergency drill. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of reservoir emergencies, this paper systematically combs the research and practice status of emergency drill technology at home and abroad, and puts forward the technical route of reservoir emergency drill considering the discrete process of emergency response and disposal. According to the research, the reservoir emergency drill technology can be divided into roles, disaster types, response levels, early warning time and disposal forms to analyze the emergency response and disposal mechanism. The emergency drill framework system is established with time as the main line, roles as the main body and event development as the driving force. The emergency drill evaluation method and technical standard are constructed to form a standardized emergency drill and evaluation model. Based on BPMN technology and visualization technology, the information platform is developed to set obstacles to the simulation reality of each main link of emergency management, output the overall quantitative evaluation results of roles and emergency drills, and achieve the purpose of emergency drills. |
| Key words: Reservoir dam emergencies emergency drills discreteness, roles |
