| 摘要: |
| 建设黄河下游生态航道，对完善河南、山东两省交通运输体系，促进流域社会经济协调发展，发展黄河生态旅游，弘扬黄河文化讲好黄河故事具有重要意义。分析了小浪底水库运用以来黄河下游河道冲淤和河势演变，提出小浪底水库运用以来黄河下游最小平滩流量已达到4300 m3/s，枯水河槽已明显恢复，最小通航流量相应水面宽度达到120～200 m，水深达到1.0～2.5 m，具备一定的复航条件，泥沙淤积、河势游荡、涉水工程碍航等是制约生态航道建设的关键问题。结合黄河下游生态廊道建设总体规划，在下游滩区“洪水分级设防、泥沙分区落淤、滩槽水沙自由交换、三滩分区治理”总格局下，研究提出可按照整体Ⅳ级、局部Ⅲ级航道标准，结合黄河下游生态治理提升工程建设，通过中水河槽和通航河槽的生态疏浚，游荡性河段整治，碍航建筑物生态改造和码头建设，打造全下游长约800km的生态航道。考虑古贤、东庄等水沙调控工程建设，利用下游生态治理塑造的高效输沙通道结合水沙调控相机“排沙减淤”，适时“挖河扩槽”，解决航道淤积问题，实现生态航道的长期维持。建议按照“统筹部署、先易后难、先通后畅、逐步提高”的原则，加快推进黄河下游生态航道建设。 |
| 关键词: 黄河下游 生态航道 生态疏浚 航道维持 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:U612.1 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404402) |
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| Discussion on Ecological Construction Scheme of Waterway Resumption in the Lower Yellow River |
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ZHANG Jinlang1, ZHANG Yuansheng2, LIAN Jijian2, AN Cuihua1
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1.Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co,Ltd;2.Tianjin University
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| Abstract: |
| The construction of the ecological waterway in the Lower Yellow River is of great significance for improving the transportation systems of Henan and Shandong provinces, promoting the coordinated development of socio-economic development in the river basin, developing ecological tourism in the Yellow River, and promoting the Yellow River culture. Analysis of measured data from the lower reaches of the Yellow River shows that the minimum flat beach flow in the lower reaches of the Yellow River has reached 4300m3/s since the Xiaolangdi Reservoir was put into use, and the dry water trough has been significantly restored. The minimum navigable flow corresponds to a water surface width of 120~200m and a water depth of 1.0~2.5m, with certain conditions for waterway resumption. Also, the paper analyzes the key issues such as sediment deposition, wandering river regime and water engineering obstruction, which restrict the construction of ecological waterways. Combined with the overall planning of the construction of ecological corridors in the Lower Yellow River, under the general pattern of "flood classification fortification, silt sedimentation, free exchange of water and sediment in plain and channel, and respective governance of three plains" in the lower floodplains, this research suggested that the construction of the project can be promoted in accordance with the overall level IV and local level III waterway standards to create an ecological waterway with a length of about 800km throughout the lower reaches, combined with the ecological management of the Lower Yellow River, through the ecological dredging of the median water channel and the navigable channel, the remediation of wandering river sections, ecological reconstruction and wharf construction which hinders the navigation. With the construction of water and sediment regulation projects such as Guxian and Dongzhuang, use the high-efficiency sediment transport channel shaped by downstream ecological governance in combination with the water and sediment regulation for sediment reduction and timely "dig rivers and expand trenches" to solve the problem of channel siltation and realize the long-term ecological maintenance of the fairway. It is suggested to accelerate the construction of the ecological waterway in the Lower Yellow River in accordance with the principle of "coordinated deployment, easy projects first, excavation first and gradually improved". |
| Key words: Lower Yellow River ecological waterway ecological dredging waterway maintenance |
