摘要: |
目前与水利相关的科学研究,其常用手段有资料分析法、数学模型计算法和常规比尺模型试验法,这些方法虽然技术成熟且成果较多,但也各自存在着某些不足。微模型试验技术具有模型规模小、试验周期短和经济性好等优势,可用于研究大范围和复杂系统的江湖关系问题,但国内应用实例较少,其相似理论和模型设计关键技术问题值得深入研究。文章基于研究长江与鄱阳湖江湖倒灌规律的需要,探讨了江湖倒灌微模型应遵循的相似律和微模型设计方法,提出了微模型阻力相似及模型物理量测控的解决方案,建立了平面比尺1:6 500、垂直比尺1:150的长江—鄱阳湖—“五河”尾闾微模型。经实测水文资料验证,该模型在水位、流速及长江对鄱阳湖倒灌时间和倒灌流量等方面与原体具有较好的相似性,文中所提模型设计和模拟方法为微模型试验技术的进一步推广提供了理论依据,为研究河流、湖泊、河口、海岸等大尺度和复杂水沙运动问题提供了参考。 |
关键词: 微模型 鄱阳湖 倒灌 流量变态 江湖关系 |
DOI: |
分类号:TV1 |
基金项目: |
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Preliminary study on the micro-model simulation method for analyzing impacts of water from Yangtze River flowing backwards to Poyang Lake |
WANG Zhihuan, ZHU Lijun, WANG Jianzhong, FAN Hongxia, LIU Beibei, CHEN Huai
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State Key Laboratory of Hydrology,Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute
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Abstract: |
At present, the commonly used methods of scientific research related to hydraulic engineering include the data analysis method, mathematical model calculation method and conventional scale model test method. Though technologically proven and abundant in achievements, these methods still have disadvantages in certain aspects. Having advantages such as small scale, short test period and high economical efficiency, the micro-model test technology can be used to study the relationship between rivers and lakes on a large scale and with complex systems. However, they are rarely applied in China. The critical technical problems of similarity theory and model design need to be further studied. Based on the need to study the law of water from Yangtze River flowing backwards to Poyang Lake, this paper discusses the similarity laws that should be followed by the micro-models of water from rivers flowing backwards to lakes and the micro-model design methods, proposes a solution for measurement and control of the micro-model resistance similarity and the physical quantities of the model, and establishes a micro-model of Yangtze River-Poyang Lake-tail channels of “five rivers” in Jiangxi with a horizontal scale of 1:6500 and a vertical scale of 1:150. According to the measured hydrological data, the model shows high similarity with the prototype in terms of water level, flow velocity and duration and flow rate of water from Yangtze River flowing backwards to Poyang Lake. The model design and simulation method proposed in this paper provide a theoretical basis for further promotion of the micro-model test technology and provide reference for the study of large-scale and complex water-sediment movement problems of rivers, lakes, estuaries and coasts. |
Key words: micro-model Poyang Lake flowing backwards flow transformation relationship between rivers and lakes |