| 摘要: |
| 仿自然鱼道和结构型鱼道结合布置而成的鱼道，既具有仿自然鱼道和结构式鱼道的优点，又能满足苛刻的场地地形条件。本文针对地盘子鱼道，在设计方案及优化方案下分别建立比尺为1:10的整体模型，通过实测两种方案下模型水流的水位、流速及水流流态，论证了设计方案的合理性及优化方案的优化效果。研究表明：竖缝式和仿自然式结合布置的鱼道内水流流态良好，结构段和仿自然段采用较大底坡比进行衔接对衔接段水流流态并无不利影响；各溢流槽和竖缝平均流速基本保持在0.7~1.2 m/s之间，大流速区主要分布在衔接段及鱼道进口附近；与设计方案相比，优化方案中过鱼设施结构段S52~S57断面竖缝宽度增大25%，池室消能率最大降低50%；仿自然鱼道段进口处水深由1m增加至1.3 m，F63~F68断面流速最大降低52%，有效保障了过鱼条件。研究成果可为复杂场地过鱼设施设计和建设提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 水力学 鱼道 过鱼设施 整体物理模型 水流流态 水力特性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Hydraulic Characteristics and Optimization of Vertical Slot Combined with Imitation of Natural Type |
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weibingqian1, huanglei, yuanhaishi2, li linbo3,4,4,4,4,5, jinghaixiao1
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1.State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China;2.State Power of Qinghai Wanli Hydropower Development Co;3.Shaanxi Water Environmental Engineering Investigation Design &4.amp;5.Research Institute
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract: The fish passage facilities for a simulated natural fish passage and a structural fish passage have the advantages of both kinds of fish passages and can also meet the harsh terrain conditions. In this paper, the overall model of the ratio ruler at 1:10 is set up separately under the design scheme and the optimization scheme. The rationality of the design scheme and the optimization effect of the optimization scheme are demonstrated by measuring the water level, flow velocity, and flow pattern of the model flow under the two schemes. The study shows that the flow pattern in the hybrid fish passage facility is good, and there is no adverse effect on the flow pattern in the connection section between the structure section and the natural section with the larger bottom slope ratio; the average flow velocity of the overflow slots and vertical seams is basically kept between 0.7 and 1.2 m/s, and the large flow velocity area is mainly distributed in the connection section and the entrance of the fish passage. Compared with the design scheme, the width of the vertical joint of the S52~S57 section in the structure section of the fish passage facility is increased by 25%, the energy dissipation rate of the pool chamber is reduced by 50%, and the depth of the inlet of the simulated natural fish passage is increased from 1 m to 1.3 m, while the maximum velocity of the F63~F68 section is reduced by 52%, which effectively protects the conditions for fish crossing. The research results can provide a reference for the design and construction of fish passage facilities in complex sites. |
| Key words: hydraulics fishway fish passage facility physical model flow pattern hydraulic characteristics. |
