| 摘要: |
| 河流生态系统对水文情势与河床结构变化高度敏感，鱼类栖息地研究是揭示河流生态过程、支撑水生态保护与修复的关键。长江上游航道水域是四大家鱼等产漂流性卵鱼类的重要繁殖与索饵场，但梯级水库群运行与航道整治持续改变河道形态、水动力过程及生境连通性，导致栖息地破碎化与功能退化。本文围绕该区域典型鱼类栖息地，从类型划分、驱动机制、概化模型及展望四方面综述。系统梳理了从河道形态单元识别、功能分类到多维综合分类的演进，归纳了水动力、河床结构与底质、生物与食物网过程及人类活动对栖息地的耦合驱动作用，总结了物理栖息地模型、水动力耦合模型、HSI模型、连通性与生境格局模型、数据驱动与物种分布模型及复合概化模型的主要特征与适用边界。针对当前研究在多尺度衔接、航道整治工程场景适用性、模型机理约束、鱼类行为过程表达及长期监测等方面的不足，提出应完善多尺度分类体系、强化航道整治与通航扰动量化表征，发展复合概化模型并融合多源监测技术，推动鱼类栖息地研究从静态分区评价走向动态过程预测，为长江上游航道鱼类保护、航道工程优化与水库调度提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 长江上游航道水域 鱼类栖息地 四大家鱼 类型划分 驱动机制 概化模型 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:Q89 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFC3212500），国家自然科学基金（52121006），南京水利科学研究院研究生学位论文创新基金（Yy925007） |
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| Research Progress on Typical Fish Habitat Types and Habitat Generalization Models in the Upper Yangtze Waterway |
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LIU Lingyan1, DU Mingcheng1, YANG Yanhua2, FENG Tao1, HE Shufeng1
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1.Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute;2.Key Laboratory of Engineering Sediment,Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering
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| Abstract: |
| River ecosystems are highly sensitive to changes in hydrological regimes and riverbed structures, and fish habitat research is essential for revealing river ecological processes and supporting aquatic ecological conservation and restoration. The navigation waters of the upper Yangtze River are important spawning and foraging areas for the four major Chinese carps and other drifting-egg-spawning fish species. However, cascade reservoir operation and waterway regulation have continuously altered channel morphology, hydrodynamic processes, and habitat connectivity, leading to habitat fragmentation and functional degradation. This paper reviews typical fish habitats in the navigation waters of the upper Yangtze River from four aspects: habitat classification, driving mechanisms, habitat generalization models, and future research perspectives. It summarizes the developmental pathway from river morphological unit identification and functional classification to multidimensional integrated classification, examines the coupled effects of hydrodynamics, riverbed structure and substrate, biological and food-web processes, and human activities on fish habitats, and compares the main characteristics and applicability boundaries of physical habitat simulation models, hydrodynamic coupling models, HSI models, connectivity and habitat pattern models, data-driven and species distribution models, and composite habitat generalization models. In view of current limitations in multi?scale linkage, applicability to waterway regulation scenarios, mechanistic constraints of models, representation of fish behavioral processes, and long?term monitoring, this paper suggests improving multi-scale classification systems, strengthening the quantitative characterization of waterway regulation and navigation disturbance, developing composite habitat generalization models, and integrating multi-source monitoring technologies. These efforts will promote the transition of fish habitat research from static zoning assessment to dynamic process prediction, thereby providing scientific support for fish conservation, waterway engineering optimization, and reservoir operation in the navigation waters of the upper Yangtze River. |
| Key words: navigation waters of the upper Yangtze River fish habitat four major Chinese carps habitat type classification driving mechanisms habitat generalization model |
