| 摘要: |
| 摘要：黄河源区是黄河流域的重要产水区和水源涵养区，近年来气候变暖导致黄河源区冻土退化加速、多年冻土活动层逐渐增厚。冻土的变化使黄河源区的水资源和涵养功能研究变得更复杂。研究明晰多年冻土变化状况、量化评估水源涵养量对多年冻土变化的响应，对于黄河流域以及青藏高原水资源科学管理具有重要意义。本研究基于水文、气象及冻土等多源数据，对黄河源区多年冻土变化对流域地表径流和水源涵养量的影响进行了具体分析。结果表明：（1）1960-2020年间，黄河源区多年冻土呈退化趋势，活动层厚度增加约10~25cm，多年冻土集中分布区域逐渐缩小，到2020年部分区域多年冻土已退化消失；（2）黄河源区水源涵养量呈波动上升趋势，1979-2018年间有14年为负值，26年为正值，表明水资源总体上补给大于消耗。自1998年实施水量调度和退耕还林还草政策以来，水源涵养量逐步提升；（3）随着多年冻土退化（活动层厚度的增加），水源涵养量呈增加趋势。源头到黄河沿站和吉迈站到门堂站之间区域的水源涵养量变化，对多年冻土退化的响应最为显著。本研究有关结论可为黄河流域水资源管理和科学利用提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 多年冻土 冻土退化 径流量 水源涵养量 黄河源区 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划专题(2021YFC3201102-02)；国家自然科学(42171028; 42330512) |
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| Influence of permafrost changes on surface runoff and water conservation in the Yellow River Source Region |
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QIN Jia1, SHI Faxiang1, CUI Junhao1, YANG Bingfeng2, DING Yongjian1
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1.Tanggula Mountain Cryosphere and Environment Observation and Research Station of Tibet Autonomous Region,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Lanzhou University of Technology
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract：The Yellow River source region (YRSR) is an important water-producing and water-conservation area. In recent years, climate warming has accelerated the permafrost degradation, and the active layer of permafrost has gradually thickened in YRSR. The changes in permafrost make the study on water resource changes and the water conservation functions in YRSR more complex. Studying the permafrost changes, and quantitatively evaluating the response of water conservation to permafrost changes, is of great significance for the scientific management of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, as well as the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Based on meteorological, hydrological, and permafrost data, the impact of long-term permafrost changes on surface runoff and water conservation in YRSR is examined. The results show that: (1) From 1960 to 2020, the permafrost in YRSR showed a trend of degradation, the thickness of the active layer increased by about 10~25 cm, the area of concentrated distribution of permafrost gradually shrank, and by 2020, the permafrost in part of the area had been degraded and disappeared. (2) The water conservation of YRSR shows a fluctuating upward trend, with a negative value in 14 years and a positive value in 26 years during 1979-2018, indicating that the overall water resources are more replenished than consumed. Since the implementation of water scheduling and the policy of returning farmland to forests and grasslands in 1998, water conservation has gradually increased. (3) With the degradation of permafrost (the thickness of the active layer increases), the amount of water resources is on increasing trend. Changes in water conservation in Basin-HHY and Basin-MT have the most significant response to permafrost degradation. The results of the present study can provide a reference for scientific management and utilization of water resource in the Yellow River basin. |
| Key words: Permafrost Frozen soil degradation Runoff Water conservation Yellow River Source Region. |
