| 摘要: |
| 古洪水水文学于20世纪80年代成为一门独立学科，其核心就是古洪水重建，即依据古洪水的指示标志，推算古洪水的水文参数，最终确定古洪水的量级与发生频率.简要介绍了古洪水重建的概念及其工程应用；较为系统地综述了古洪水在水位指示标志（洪痕、古洪水滞流沉积、泛滥沉积）和水力指示标志研究和古洪水重建方面的研究进展；总结了古洪水洪峰流量重建的水位流量法、比降面积法及水面曲线法-HEC模型和水力重建的2个方程，以及古洪水相对年龄推算和绝对年龄测定的方法；分析了古洪水重建中滞流沉积和洪峰水位确定中存在的问题，以及非基岩河段进行古洪水重建和堰塞古洪水判别的难度；最后对现代河流的滞流沉积及其与水文的关系、规范古洪水辅助指示标志、非基岩河段的古洪水重建的方法和古洪水记录与古气候变化关系的研究等4个方面进行了展望. |
| 关键词: 古洪水 古洪水重建 古洪水标志 古洪水滞流沉积 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TV122+.2 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Progress in the palaeoflood reconstruction study and its prospect |
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ZHANG Bin, LI Xu-sheng, HAN Zhi-yong, YANG Da-yuan
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School of Geographic and Oceanographic Science， Nanjing University
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| Abstract: |
| Since the 1980s, the palaeoflood hydrology has become an independent discipline mainly dedicated to the palaeoflood reconstruction which aims at determining the magnitude and frequency of a flood by calculating hydrological parameters based on indicators of a palaeoflood. This paper firstly presents the concept and engineering application of the palaeoflood reconstruction and systemically reviews the research advance of indicators of water level and power of the palaeoflood. We also summarize the level discharge method, slope area method and surface curve method (HEC model) for calculating the peak discharge and two equations for reconstructing the water power. The relative and absolute dating methods determining the elapsed time of the palaeoflood have been compared. Then, the problems associated with validating the slack water sediment and the water level of the peak discharge are outlined. We point out the difficulties of reconstructing the water level in the reaches composed of loose sediment and discriminating the palaeoflood derived from a dammed lake from a normal one. Finally, we suggest the prospects of several studies, including the relations between the modern slack water sediment and its hydrological parameters, standardization of the supplemental indicators of the palaeoflood, the palaeoflood reconstruction in reaches composed of loose sediment and the relationship between the palaeoflood and the palaeoclimate. |
| Key words: palaeoflood palaeoflood reconstruction palaeoflood indication palaeoflood slack water deposits |
