| 摘要: |
| 由于水资源过度开发利用，海河流域诸多河口入海径流量大幅减小，导致河口生态严重退化.选择盐度为河口栖息地关键环境因子，利用河口潮流和盐度数学模型模拟栖息地盐度与入海径流量的关系，以20世纪70年代塘沽海洋站年平均最大盐度值为控制标准，计算得到该标准下的河口最小生态需水量.结果表明，漳卫新河河口年最小生态需水量为3.19亿m3.20世纪80年代以来，漳卫新河河口多年平均入海径流量为1.55亿m3，约84%年份无法保证河口最小生态需水量.计算结果可为流域生态调度和河口生态系统修复提供参考. |
| 关键词: 最小生态需水量 数值模拟 盐度 漳卫新河河口 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X143； TV213 |
| 基金项目:南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目（2011491711）；湖北省自然科学基金项目（2012FFB03802）；水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室（长沙理工大学）开放基金项目（2013SS01）；三峡大学人才科研启动基金项目（KJ2010B029） |
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| Minimum ecological water requirement for Zhangweixin River estuary |
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PENG Tao1,2, CHEN Xiao-hong3, WANG Gao-xu1
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1.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering， Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute;2.College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering， China Three Gorges University;3.Department of Water Resources and Environment， SUN Yat-sen University
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| Abstract: |
| Because of the excessive development and utilization of water resources, freshwater inflow to estuaries has sharply decreased in the Haihe River basin in recent years, thus causing serious ecosystem degeneration. The salinity is chosen as a key environmental factor of the estuarine habitat. The relationship between the salinity and runoff is simulated using 1D mathematical model that has coupled a hydrodynamic model with a salinity model. With the annual average maximum salinity value obtained from Tanggu station taken as the control standard in the 1970s, the minimum ecological water requirement is calculated for the Zhangweixin River estuary under conditions of the standard. The research results show that the minimum ecological water requirement for the Zhangweixin River estuary is 3.19 billion m3. The annual average freshwater inflow is 1.55 billion m3 since 1980s, and the minimum ecological water requirement cannot be satisfied by 84% of the years′ annual freshwater inflow in the Zhangweixin River estuary. The calculated results can provide reference for the basin ecological regulation and estuarine ecosystem restoration. Considering that there are many factors such as topography, runoff, tide, wave, sediment and salinity affecting the ecological water requirement and more complex kinematic process in the estuarine environment, it is necessary for us to simulate and analyse the response of the key environmental factors to freshwater inflow by use of hydrology, ecology, hydrodynamics, and geography, and to combine numerical simulation with GIS spatial analysis methodology in the study of the ecological water requirement so as to make the assessment results of the ecological water requirement in estuaries more reliable and practical in the future researches. |
| Key words: the minmum envrionmental flows numerical simulation salinity Zhangweixin River estuary |
